About Primary Immunodeficiency

The Immune System
It’s our only defense...but it doesn’t work for everyone. Each and every day, your body fights off infections, germs, bacteria, and viruses. These invaders, called pathogens, are destroyed by the body’s number one defense, the immune system. Some people are born with immune systems that don’t work as well as others. This could be due to Primary Immunodeficiency, which might cause a person to be sick more often than others.

What is Primary Immunodeficiency?
Primary Immunodeficiencies are a group of more than 450 disorders of the immune system with varying degrees of severity. They occur when one or more essential parts of the immune system do not work correctly.

People with Primary Immunodeficiency cannot get rid of pathogens or protect themselves from these pathogens as well as they should, causing frequent infections and other problems that are hard to cure. Infections may appear to be common illnesses such as sinus and ear infections, pneumonia, fever, common colds, and bronchitis.

Why Getting Help Is Important
Today patients with Primary Immunodeficiency are able to gain and maintain control of their lives with treatment and intervention:

They are able to participate in work, school, family, and social activities.

They have fewer and less severe infections.
They feel good about their treatment programs and, most importantly, themselves.

Failure to diagnose Primary Immunodeficiency can lead to an increased number and severity of infections, frequent interruptions in work, school, family, and social activities, and a lifetime of serious illness, including permanent organ damage. There are many treatment options that can help patients diagnosed with Primary Immunodeficiency lead healthier lives.

10 Warning Signs of Primary Immunodeficiency
1. Four or more new ear infections within 1 year.
2. Two or more serious sinus infections within 1 year.
3. Two or more months on antibiotics with little effect.
4. Two or more pneumonias within 1 year.
5. Failure of an infant to gain weight or grow normally.
6. Recurrent, deep skin or organ abscesses.
7. Persistent thrush in mouth or fungal infection on skin.
8. Need for intravenous antibiotics to clear infections.
9. Two or more deep-seated infections including septicemia.
10. A family history of Primary Immunodeficiency.

Your Body’s Best Defense

Every day, your body fights off infections, germs, bacteria, and parasites. It is destroying these invaders, called pathogens, with the help of its number one defense: the immune system. The immune system’s job is to keep your body healthy. This requires many different parts of the body to work together against pathogens. Here are the main components of your immune system:

Tonsils - Located in the back of your throat, the tonsils protect the entrance to your respiratory and digestive systems by destroying bacteria with the help of white blood cells.
Thymus Gland - Located underneath the middle of your breastbone and above your heart, the thymus gland stores white blood cells until they are mature, and then provides them with specific jobs.
Lymph Nodes - Small, bean-shaped modules on the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes are located primarily in your armpits and groin regions. They filter pathogens out of the lymphatic system.
Bone Marrow - Located inside your body's bones, it produces red and white blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells and body parts and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells look for and destroy pathogens. The different types of white blood cells are phagocytes, B cells, and T cells.
Spleen - The largest lymphoid organ in the lymphatic system, the spleen is located to the left of your stomach. The spleen removes pathogens from the blood as it passes through.
Liver - Your body's largest internal organ, the liver contains white blood cells. These cells destroy bacteria in the blood as it passes through the liver. It also processes nutrients found in the blood and produces bile used in digestion.
Blood - Red and white cells travel throughout your body's blood vessels. While white blood cells defend against pathogens, your red blood cells nourish your body.

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